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1. Support information	=>	support-information-zkewk3

1.1. Supported operating systems and languages	=>	supported-operating-systems-rhbg35

1.2. Where to get support	=>	where-to-get-support-f3pbrb

2. Installation	=>	installing-upgrading-and-uninstalling-phusion-passenger-laryvs

2.1. Synopsis	=>	synopsis-l0om5d

2.2. Installing or upgrading on Mac OS X with Homebrew	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-mac-os-x-with-homebrew-1pia1cx

2.3. Installing or upgrading on Debian or Ubuntu	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-ubuntu-1xg22xs

2.3.1. Adding our APT repository	=>	adding-our-apt-repository-1l8plxk

2.3.2. Installing packages	=>	installing-packages-1jxn722

2.4. Installing or upgrading on Red Hat or CentOS	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-red-hat-fedora-centos-or-scientificlinux-1y5ie8b

2.4.1. Adding our YUM repository	=>	adding-our-yum-repository-1fb671i

2.4.2. Installing packages	=>	installing-packages-12a3uty

2.5. Installing or upgrading on Heroku	=>	installing-or-upgrading-on-heroku-o0o2mk

2.6. Generic installation, upgrade and downgrade method: via RubyGems	=>	installing-via-the-gem-39jw1u

2.7. Generic installation, upgrade and downgrade method: via tarball	=>	installing-via-the-source-tarball-1cgxrqc

2.8. Upgrading from open source to Enterprise	=>	upgrading-from-open-source-to-enterprise-b17h8g

2.9. Cryptographic verification of installation files	=>	cryptographic-verification-of-installation-files-ed3r9v

2.9.1. Synopsis	=>	synopsis-uwnz2o

2.9.2. Importing the Phusion Software Signing key	=>	importing-the-phusion-software-signing-key-1x0rhv

2.9.3. Verifying the Phusion Software Signing key	=>	verifying-the-phusion-software-signing-key-10430lg

2.9.4. Verifying the gem and tarball	=>	verifying-the-gem-and-tarball-1nf0uov

2.9.5. Verifying Git signatures	=>	verifying-git-signatures-oaafwd

2.9.6. Verifying DEB and RPM packages	=>	verifying-deb-and-rpm-packages-vgtv04

2.9.7. Revocation	=>	revocation-4o01n2

2.10. Non-interactive, automatic, headless installs or upgrades	=>	non-interactive-automatic-headless-installs-or-upgrades-1arnxii

2.11. Customizing the compilation process	=>	customizing-the-compilation-process-1sds3od

2.11.1. Setting the compiler	=>	setting-the-compiler-1symq7h

2.11.2. Adding additional compiler or linker flags	=>	adding-additional-compiler-or-linker-flags-wzu0ey

2.11.3. Forcing location of command line tools and dependencies	=>	forcing-location-of-certain-command-line-tools-1hym30u

2.12. Dealing with multiple Apache installations	=>	dealing-with-multiple-apache-installations-ks5nkz

2.13. Working with the Apache configuration file	=>	locating-the-apache-configuration-file-1fterqv

2.14. Disabling without uninstalling	=>	unloading-disabling-phusion-passenger-from-apache-without-uninstalling-it-s1axnx

2.15. Uninstalling	=>	uninstalling-phusion-passenger-1qb4ssq

2.16. Moving to a different directory	=>	moving-to-a-different-directory-1n0gkwh

3. Deploying a Rack-based Ruby application	=>	deploying-a-rack-based-ruby-application-including-rails-3--hcs66f

3.1. Tutorial/example: writing and deploying a Hello World Rack application	=>	tutorial-example-writing-and-deploying-a-hello-world-rack-application-axp5z5

3.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root	=>	deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-ab4zj6

3.3. Deploying to a sub URI	=>	deploying-to-a-sub-uri-13rfygg

3.4. Redeploying (restarting the Rack application)	=>	redeploying-restarting-the-rack-application--18m41m1

3.5. Rackup specifications for various web frameworks	=>	rackup-specifications-for-various-web-frameworks-ndsqc2

3.5.1. Camping	=>	camping-1kxexk0

3.5.2. Halcyon	=>	halcyon-1ghnpmz

3.5.3. Mack	=>	mack-miht6b

3.5.4. Merb	=>	merb-iyj7qy

3.5.5. Ramaze	=>	ramaze-boddtj

3.5.6. Sinatra	=>	sinatra-1hubto4

4. Deploying a WSGI (Python) application	=>	deploying-a-wsgi-python-application-7aygdl

4.1. Tutorial/example: writing and deploying a Hello World WSGI application	=>	tutorial-example-writing-and-deploying-a-hello-world-wsgi-application-9ziqy8

4.2. Deploying to a virtual host’s root	=>	deploying-to-a-virtual-host-s-root-u9bfax

4.3. Deploying to a sub URI	=>	deploying-to-a-sub-uri-zekba6

4.4. Redeploying (restarting the WSGI application)	=>	redeploying-restarting-the-wsgi-application--na7pmf

4.5. Sample passenger_wsgi.py for Django	=>	sample-passenger-wsgi-py-for-django-slb9m8

5. Deploying a Node.js application	=>	deploying-a-node-js-application-882ecy

6. Deploying a Meteor application	=>	deploying-a-meteor-application-mxfmir

7. Configuring Phusion Passenger	=>	configuring-phusion-passenger-11oztoe

7.1. PassengerRoot <directory>	=>	passengerroot-directory--sere8l

7.2. PassengerDefaultRuby <filename>	=>	passengerdefaultruby-and-passengerruby-7zblp8

7.3. Deployment options	=>	deployment-options-1unzrll

7.3.1. PassengerEnabled <on|off>	=>	passengerenabled-on-off--74rzth

7.3.2. PassengerBaseURI <uri>	=>	passengerbaseuri-uri--97i9mm

7.4. Application loading options	=>	application-loading-options-1uedd4o

7.4.1. PassengerRuby <filename>	=>	passengerruby-filename--1r3fv73

7.4.2. PassengerPython <filename>	=>	passengerpython-filename--1ssesv3

7.4.3. PassengerNodejs <filename>	=>	passengernodejs-filename--2mjb1j

7.4.4. PassengerMeteorAppSettings <filename>	=>	passengermeteorappsettings-filename--inl1bd

7.4.5. PassengerAppEnv <string>	=>	passengerappenv-string--s3ojlc

7.4.6. RailsEnv <string>	=>	railsenv-string--1b0xxvu

7.4.7. RackEnv <string>	=>	rackenv-string--vve9py

7.4.8. PassengerAppRoot <path/to/root>	=>	passengerapproot-path-to-root--uf24yd

7.4.9. PassengerAppGroupName <name>	=>	passenger-app-group-name-name--6unn5c

7.4.10. PassengerAppType <name>	=>	passengerapptype-name--62jzqf

7.4.11. PassengerStartupFile <filename>	=>	passengerstartupfile-filename--14vhvn9

7.4.12. PassengerRestartDir <directory>	=>	passengerrestartdir-directory--1fmhmv0

7.4.13. PassengerSpawnMethod <string>	=>	passengerspawnmethod-string--sodg2y

7.4.14. PassengerLoadShellEnvvars <on|off>	=>	passengerloadshellenvvars-on-off--1290yz1

7.4.15. PassengerRollingRestarts <on|off>	=>	passengerrollingrestarts

7.4.16. PassengerResistDeploymentErrors <on|off>	=>	passengerresistdeploymenterrors

7.5. Security options	=>	security-options-1pb75ho

7.5.1. PassengerUserSwitching <on|off>	=>	passengeruserswitching

7.5.2. PassengerUser <username>	=>	passengeruser

7.5.3. PassengerGroup <group name>	=>	passengergroup

7.5.4. PassengerDefaultUser <username>	=>	passengerdefaultuser

7.5.5. PassengerDefaultGroup <group name>	=>	passengerdefaultgroup

7.5.6. PassengerFriendlyErrorPages <on|off>	=>	passengerfriendlyerrorpages

7.6. Resource control and optimization options	=>	resource-control-and-optimization-options-zu2f7u

7.6.1. PassengerMaxPoolSize <integer>	=>	passengermaxpoolsize-integer--am64q8

7.6.2. PassengerMinInstances <integer>	=>	passengermininstances-integer--wegq6b

7.6.3. PassengerMaxInstances <integer>	=>	passengermaxinstances

7.6.4. PassengerMaxInstancesPerApp <integer>	=>	passengermaxinstancesperapp

7.6.5. PassengerPoolIdleTime <integer>	=>	passengerpoolidletime-integer--a3gunq

7.6.6. PassengerMaxPreloaderIdleTime <integer>	=>	railsappspawneridletime-integer--1awgog1

7.6.7. PassengerStartTimeout <seconds>	=>	passengerstarttimeout-seconds--ihnfku

7.6.8. PassengerConcurrencyModel <process|thread>	=>	passengerconcurrencymodel-process-thread--1eipofj

7.6.9. PassengerThreadCount <number>	=>	passengerthreadcount-number--10jl64a

7.6.10. PassengerMaxRequests <integer>	=>	passengermaxrequests-integer--17qkw9n

7.6.11. PassengerMaxRequestTime <seconds>	=>	passengermaxrequesttime-seconds--127v1i2

7.6.12. PassengerMemoryLimit <integer>	=>	passengermemorylimit-integer--18irza1

7.6.13. PassengerStatThrottleRate <integer>	=>	passengerstatthrottlerate-integer--1dcfda3

7.6.14. PassengerPreStart <url>	=>	passengerprestart-url--1utb57k

7.6.15. PassengerHighPerformance <on|off>	=>	passengerhighperformance-on-off--nvfa86

7.7. Connection handling options	=>	connection-handling-options-1k3zd1a

7.7.1. PassengerBufferUpload <on|off>	=>	passengerbufferupload-on-off--1lsjr93

7.7.2. PassengerBufferResponse <on|off>	=>	passengerbufferresponse-on-off--1y7ilka

7.7.3. PassengerResponseBufferHighWatermark <bytes>	=>	passengerresponsebufferhighwatermark-bytes--1kj32df

7.7.4. PassengerErrorOverride <on|off>	=>	passengererroroverride-on-off--1pq9nez

7.7.5. PassengerMaxRequestQueueSize <number>	=>	passenger-max-request-queue-size-number--1f1uocd

7.7.6. PassengerStickySessions <on|off>	=>	passengerstickysessions-on-off--fx1jkt

7.7.7. PassengerStickySessionsCookieName	=>	passenger-sticky-sessions-cookie-name-stktkx

7.8. Compatibility options	=>	compatibility-options-8jve5a

7.8.1. PassengerResolveSymlinksInDocumentRoot <on|off>	=>	passengerresolvesymlinksindocumentroot-on-off--1r0qcp8

7.8.2. PassengerAllowEncodedSlashes <on|off>	=>	passengerallowencodedslashes-on-off--1y3s1ww

7.9. Logging and debugging options	=>	logging-and-debugging-options-el2cuc

7.9.1. PassengerLogLevel <integer>	=>	passengerloglevel-integer--s3kbil

7.9.2. PassengerLogFile <filename>	=>	passengerdebuglogfile-filename--1wjm2j1

7.9.3. PassengerFileDescriptorLogFile <filename>	=>	passengerfiledescriptorlogfile-filename--1su5dcn

7.9.4. PassengerDebugger <on|off>	=>	passengerdebugger-on-off--19you7e

7.10. Advanced options	=>	advanced-options-1ab1jkq

7.10.1. PassengerInstanceRegistryDir <directory>	=>	passengerinstanceregistrydir-directory--7r1ks8

7.10.2. PassengerDataBufferDir <directory>	=>	passengerdatabufferdir-directory--170fjqg

7.11. Deprecated or removed options	=>	deprecated-options-pm9m57

7.11.1. RailsRuby	=>	railsruby-ht09ei

7.11.2. RailsBaseURI and RackBaseURI	=>	railsbaseuri-uri--1txrw3k

7.11.3. RailsUserSwitching	=>	railsuserswitching-1npx8y4

7.11.4. RailsDefaultUser	=>	railsdefaultuser-19j7n3m

7.11.5. RailsAllowModRewrite	=>	railsallowmodrewrite-1vkziro

7.11.6. RailsSpawnMethod	=>	railsspawnmethod-1aljgpa

7.11.7. RailsAutoDetect, RackAutoDetect and WsgiAutoDetect	=>	railsautodetect-rackautodetect-and-wsgiautodetect-1qgakzs

7.11.8. RailsAppSpawnerIdleTime	=>	railsappspawneridletime-heh41r

7.11.9. RailsFrameworkSpawnerIdleTime	=>	railsframeworkspawneridletime-adcf9k

7.11.10. PassengerDebugLogFile	=>	passengerdebuglogfile-1mb9h6h

8. Troubleshooting	=>	troubleshooting-2ihihi

8.1. Generic troubleshooting tips	=>	generic-troubleshooting-tips-130iuhe

8.2. Why does the first request take a long time?	=>	why-does-the-first-request-take-a-long-time--12mg452

8.3. I get "command not found" when running a Phusion Passenger command through sudo	=>	i-get-command-not-found-when-running-a-phusion-passenger-command-through-sudo-v9z223

8.4. OS X: The installer cannot locate MAMP’s Apache	=>	macos-x-the-installer-cannot-locate-mamp-s-apache-or908n

8.5. Apache reports a "403 Forbidden" error	=>	apache-reports-a-403-forbidden-error-140tb4p

8.6. Static assets such as images and stylesheets aren’t being displayed	=>	static-assets-such-as-images-and-stylesheets-aren-t-being-displayed-uaptpi

8.7. Apache cannot access my app’s files because of SELinux errors	=>	apache-cannot-access-my-app-s-files-because-of-selinux-errors-6febhd

8.8. The application thinks its not on SSL even though it is	=>	the-application-thinks-its-not-on-ssl-even-though-it-is-u9fcp1

8.9. Ruby on Rails-specific troubleshooting	=>	ruby-on-rails-specific-problems-6umss5

8.9.1. The "About your application’s environment" link does not work	=>	the-about-your-application-s-environment-link-does-not-work-7k4tlm

8.9.2. The Rails application reports that it’s unable to start because of a permission error	=>	the-rails-application-reports-that-it-s-unable-to-start-because-of-a-permission-error-v53i6s

8.9.3. The Rails application’s log file is not being written to	=>	my-rails-application-s-log-file-is-not-being-written-to-3i747l

8.10. Conflicting Apache modules	=>	conflicting-apache-modules-1uwpixk

8.10.1. mod_userdir	=>	mod-userdir-x5e2te

8.10.2. MultiViews (mod_negotiation)	=>	multiviews-mod-negotiation--zchfg0

8.10.3. VirtualDocumentRoot	=>	virtualdocumentroot-14cwd7l

9. Analysis and system maintenance	=>	analysis-and-system-maintenance-qvkwzr

9.1. Inspecting memory usage	=>	inspecting-memory-usage-1bkis6i

9.2. Inspecting Phusion Passenger’s internal status	=>	inspecting-phusion-passenger-s-internal-status-ukekf7

9.3. Debugging frozen applications	=>	debugging-frozen-applications-1qsjqq7

9.4. Accessing individual application processes	=>	accessing-individual-application-processes-1p0j4jb

9.5. Attaching an IRB console to an application process	=>	attaching-an-irb-console-to-an-application-process-1cma32j

10. Tips	=>	tips-19cwwf7

10.1. User Switching (security feature)	=>	user-switching-security--8njx1x

10.1.1. Requirements	=>	requirements-yxvtxo

10.1.2. Effects	=>	effects-1lko7vo

10.1.3. Caveats & troubleshooting	=>	caveats-troubleshooting-161hgge

10.1.4. Red Hat and CentOS caveats	=>	red-hat-and-centos-caveats-1335bpz

10.1.5. Finding out what user an application is running as	=>	finding-out-what-user-an-application-is-running-as-7uwrol

10.2. Copy-on-write memory support (reducing memory consumption of Ruby applications)	=>	reducing-memory-consumption-of-ruby-on-rails-applications-by-33--1ubxnq0

10.3. Tuning for Server Sent Events and WebSockets	=>	tuning-for-server-sent-events-and-websockets-1hy6qa9

10.4. Bundler support	=>	bundler-support-cf72ih

10.4.1. Does Phusion Passenger itself need to be added to the Gemfile?	=>	does-phusion-passenger-itself-need-to-be-added-to-the-gemfile--17whimp

10.5. Installing multiple Ruby on Rails versions	=>	installing-multiple-ruby-on-rails-versions-mi5j14

10.6. Making the application restart after each request	=>	making-the-application-restart-after-each-request-183bezx

10.7. How to fix broken images/CSS/JavaScript URIs in sub-URI deployments	=>	how-to-fix-broken-images-css-javascript-uris-in-sub-uri-deployments-a63b6r

10.8. Out-of-Band Work and Out-of-Band Garbage Collection	=>	out-of-band-work-and-out-of-band-garbage-collection-kav2p8

10.9. Hooks	=>	hooks-bcltgp

10.9.1. Example	=>	example-icjf0z

10.9.2. Environment	=>	environment-1amls4v

10.9.3. Blocking and concurrency	=>	blocking-and-concurrency-cxpbyu

10.9.4. Error handling	=>	error-handling-1a1uvod

10.9.5. Compatibility	=>	compatibility-18tl6g3

10.9.6. Available hooks	=>	available-hooks-159anc3

10.10. Flying Passenger	=>	flying-passenger-q916f7

10.10.1. Requirements	=>	requirements-1ntkin3

10.10.2. Basic usage	=>	basic-usage-joifsk

10.10.3. Configuring Flying Passenger	=>	configuring-flying-passenger-1v35vgg

10.10.4. Managing the Flying Passenger daemon	=>	managing-the-flying-passenger-daemon-1bng2bu

10.10.5. Using Flying Passenger with MRI 1.8 or JRuby	=>	using-flying-passenger-with-mri-1-8-or-jruby-f5tbvs

10.10.6. Caveats and limitations	=>	caveats-and-limitations-lz3rbb

10.11. X-Sendfile support	=>	x-sendfile-support-1cgyykw

10.12. Upload progress	=>	upload-progress-71cyl7

11. Under the hood	=>	under-the-hood-21ue5t

11.1. Page caching support	=>	page-caching-support-kwq9b9

11.2. Phusion Passenger and its relationship with Ruby	=>	phusion-passenger-and-its-relationship-with-ruby-1eq08ff

11.2.1. How Ruby is used	=>	how-ruby-is-used-14r83nr

11.2.2. When the system has multiple Ruby interpreters	=>	when-the-system-has-multiple-ruby-interpreters-10tm1fq

11.3. Static assets serving	=>	static-assets-serving-wo2d9v

11.4. How Phusion Passenger detects whether a virtual host is a web application	=>	how-phusion-passenger-detects-whether-a-virtual-host-is-a-web-application-179mp8m

12. Appendix A: About this document	=>	appendix-a-about-this-document-103toqs

13. Appendix B: Terminology	=>	appendix-b-terminology-h4eaf4

13.1. Application root	=>	application-root-otx6xf

13.2. Idle process	=>	idle-process-potb6g

13.3. Inactive process	=>	inactive-process-16gjv2e

14. Appendix C: Spawning methods explained	=>	appendix-c-spawning-methods-explained-owghi9

14.1. The most straightforward and traditional way: direct spawning	=>	the-most-straightforward-and-traditional-way-conservative-spawning-1ybbli2

14.2. The smart spawning method	=>	the-smart-spawning-method-1cvu9dd

14.2.1. How it works	=>	how-it-works-672zja

14.2.2. Summary of benefits	=>	summary-of-benefits-1yrihfb

14.3. Smart spawning caveat #1: unintentional file descriptor sharing	=>	smart-spawning-gotcha-1-unintentional-file-descriptor-sharing-z1y55l

14.3.1. Example 1: Memcached connection sharing (harmful)	=>	example-1-memcached-connection-sharing-harmful--c71wqw

14.3.2. Example 2: Log file sharing (not harmful)	=>	example-2-log-file-sharing-not-harmful--1p2yuol

14.4. Smart spawning caveat #2: the need to revive threads	=>	smart-spawning-gotcha-2-the-need-to-revive-threads-1k6cj7d

15. Appendix D: About environment variables	=>	appendix-d-about-environment-variables-1lebv1u

15.1. Working with environment variables	=>	working-with-environment-variables-85e6aa

15.2. The PATH environment variable	=>	the-path-environment-variable-p8e32r

15.2.1. Adding Phusion Passenger’s administration tools to PATH	=>	adding-phusion-passenger-s-administration-tools-to-path-xwppud

15.3. Making environment variables permanent	=>	making-environment-variables-permanent-13x0l4h

15.3.1. bash	=>	bash-1pktn63

15.3.2. Apache	=>	apache-15zqjvi

15.3.3. Nginx	=>	nginx-l7ztbb

15.3.4. cron	=>	cron-1kjp7ck

15.3.5. Phusion Passenger-served apps	=>	phusion-passenger-served-apps-478vyt

15.4. Environment variables and sudo	=>	environment-variables-and-sudo-1odzcpz

